Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Frequent backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus; heartburn is the cardinal symptom and it may include swallowing trouble or hoarseness.

Common causes

A weakened lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow back up.

Risk factors

Excess weight, smoking, large meals, or lying down soon after eating.

Red flags — seek urgent care

Severe difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, vomiting blood, or black stools.

Suggested next step

Try meal adjustments and elevating the head while sleeping; seek review if symptoms occur more than twice a week.

Symptoms linked to this condition

✓ At least one verified Saudi source and one independent global source are linked.

This page is general educational information, not a medical consultation. If symptoms are severe or worrying, contact a healthcare professional.